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The Cold Equations Of Spaceflight
Space Daily.com ^ | 9/9/05 | Jeffrey F. Bell

Posted on 09/09/2005 5:26:35 AM PDT by nuke rocketeer

In the past month, we have been blessed with numerous leaks from NASA of various study documents relating to the new boosters that will be needed to carry out the new manned moon program. I've been monitoring the large volume of Web chatter about these plans, and have noticed a disturbing theme therein. Many Space Cadets are expressing dissatisfaction with these leaked NASA plans. They say that the Shuttle-derived boosters are too primitive, too expensive to develop, too expensive to operate, and not inspiring enough. They can't understand why we will be returning to the Moon with rockets and space capsules that look like minor variations of those used in the Apollo program 40 years ago.

(Excerpt) Read more at spacedaily.com ...


TOPICS: Business/Economy; Government; Miscellaneous; News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: exploration; nasa; rockets; shuttle; space
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To: SampleMan
Entering the atmosphere already above 10,000 (half of the mass of the atmosphere) would decrease structural loading.

10K isn't THAT rarefied. Even if you mean miles.

21 posted on 09/09/2005 6:21:13 AM PDT by The Red Zone (Florida, the sun-shame state, and Illinois the chicken injun.)
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To: SampleMan

Rail gun, pshaw. I wanna see a giant coil spring compressed and go SPROI-OI-OI-OING up a tube.


22 posted on 09/09/2005 6:23:04 AM PDT by The Red Zone (Florida, the sun-shame state, and Illinois the chicken injun.)
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To: The Red Zone
I can't imagine nuclear power driving a space ship and especially a manned one. The mass of fat-nucleus atoms needed to shield it would render it literally impossible.

Distance is also a shield.

Once you get to Low Earth Orbit via conventional means, you can hook up to a nuke power section via tether (we can make long and very strong strings these days) and have it pull you to Mars orbit via high-efficiency ion drive

23 posted on 09/09/2005 6:26:29 AM PDT by SauronOfMordor
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To: The Red Zone
It is THAT rarefied. "THAT" being 1/2 the mass of the atmosphere. Of course it isn't space, you can breath fine, once accustomed at 10,000 feet. But the atmospheric loads on a vehicle below 10,000 are enormous. Thus why going Mach 1 on the deck takes so much energy.
A 20,000 ft mountain would of course be much better.
24 posted on 09/09/2005 6:27:00 AM PDT by SampleMan
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To: The Red Zone

It has been determined that the first man made object to truly leave the earth's bounds was a man hole cover from a nuclear test detonation tunnel. High speed imagery was used to calculate velocity.


25 posted on 09/09/2005 6:29:39 AM PDT by SampleMan
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To: The Red Zone
10K isn't THAT rarefied. Even if you mean miles.

Most of our satelites are well below 10,000 miles up. Care to reconsider?

26 posted on 09/09/2005 6:31:48 AM PDT by SampleMan
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To: SauronOfMordor

The world's longest extension cord, huh. Someone oughtta do the math for how heavy it would need to be in order to carry the requisite current... shoot, even to support itself against high atmospheric winds.


27 posted on 09/09/2005 6:32:01 AM PDT by The Red Zone (Florida, the sun-shame state, and Illinois the chicken injun.)
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To: The Red Zone

Nope, A HUGE thick hemisphere of steel with a crew compartment on top and injection ports to squirt a hydrogen bomb under it to detonate a few microseconds later. See this site
http://www.islandone.org/Propulsion/ProjectOrion.html


28 posted on 09/09/2005 6:32:25 AM PDT by nuke rocketeer
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To: The Red Zone
I can't imagine nuclear power driving a space ship and especially a manned one. The mass of fat-nucleus atoms needed to shield it would render it literally impossible

Not if you use the best fat-nucleus element available - the nuclear fuel itself. Design a ship whose uranium or plutonium can double as shielding. There will need to be some additional shielding against radiation from the fuel itself, but that's minimal.

29 posted on 09/09/2005 6:32:35 AM PDT by BlazingArizona
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To: SampleMan

Why don't I have to duck those pesky things while on the Albuquerque Tramway?


30 posted on 09/09/2005 6:33:09 AM PDT by The Red Zone (Florida, the sun-shame state, and Illinois the chicken injun.)
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To: BlazingArizona

If you brought together a layer of fissionable uranium heavy enough to stop the radiation of some presumably localized reaction, the shield would itself be well over criticality and so couldn't even be built. Plutonium? Same thing, except it's also a devil of a material to deal with structurally (goes through something like five phases in the solid state depending on temperature).


31 posted on 09/09/2005 6:39:52 AM PDT by The Red Zone (Florida, the sun-shame state, and Illinois the chicken injun.)
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To: The Red Zone
I had no idea Albuquerque was at 52,800,000 ft., or are you just tall? You did say miles.

Many low earth orbit sats are in fact at only a few hundred miles up.

My original point is that the exit velocity for a rail gun will be so high that atmospheric loading requirements will increase strength requirements. Starting the ascent at or above 10,000 ft, reduces that by half. There is also the engineering problem of burying that much structure. Much easier to build it above ground. Of course the vehicle would need to be in a contained tube, which is itself kept at less than normal atmospheric pressure. The less the better.
32 posted on 09/09/2005 6:40:24 AM PDT by SampleMan
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To: SampleMan

Tunnels have been dynamited and bored for roadways much further than 2 miles.


33 posted on 09/09/2005 6:47:00 AM PDT by The Red Zone (Florida, the sun-shame state, and Illinois the chicken injun.)
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To: The Red Zone

We're still stuck using Chemistry.

Hyrdogen and Oxygen burn fast. Controlled-explosion gets you off the ground. Gliding, friction and parachutes get you back.

A little improvement in technology gets you a little better rocket ship. But you're still stuck using the Chemistry of Hydrogen and Oxygen (and the various solid fuel-based ways of storing the two elements to get a controlled explosion later.)

Nuclear doesn't sound like the next wave except for deep space exploration satellites. Plasma engines give you a good boost in deep space over a long period of time but it doesn't get you off the ground or the moon or Mars.

Until we get a new form of Energy (not based on Chemistry or dangerous Nuclear), we're stuck doing what we're doing now. Slightly better crafts as slight technology improvements come on stream.

New physics, anti-gravity, something else is needed to make the next step.


34 posted on 09/09/2005 6:49:46 AM PDT by JustDoItAlways
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To: The Red Zone

I read an article in Discover a few months ago about space elevator plans. Very compelling if we can overcome materials restrictions. Once we get out of the Earth's Gravity well moving around gets a lot cheaper.


35 posted on 09/09/2005 6:52:49 AM PDT by smaug6 (We can't afford to be innocent!! Stand up and face the enemy.)
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To: The Red Zone
If you do the math, a rail gun would have to be well over 10 miles long to accelerate a vehicle to the required speed without exceeding 7 G's. The angle is going to have to be high if you are going to go "up", and it can't have much bend or lateral acceleration in the last few miles to prevent the same. This would lead to a very deep below ground requirement. Depth not distance being the problem for digging such a tunnel. We're talking much deeper than South African diamond mines.

Why would you want to do that, so that you could start from sea level?
36 posted on 09/09/2005 6:53:42 AM PDT by SampleMan
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To: smaug6

The climb-up-a-ribbon stuff?


37 posted on 09/09/2005 6:54:47 AM PDT by The Red Zone (Florida, the sun-shame state, and Illinois the chicken injun.)
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To: SampleMan

Chewing down the middle of an equatorial mountain would require the same thing.


38 posted on 09/09/2005 6:56:07 AM PDT by The Red Zone (Florida, the sun-shame state, and Illinois the chicken injun.)
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To: The Red Zone

No. It would require digging and building up to create the required exit angle. An angle that could be much less at 20,000 ft than at sea level. But not anything close to trying to dig that deep. The pressure and heat would not be anything like 5 miles deep. You sure are argumentative about a simple concept.


39 posted on 09/09/2005 7:01:25 AM PDT by SampleMan
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To: The Red Zone
Would there be some way to get around this by keeping some of the propulsion system earthbound? Like a humongous slingshot or catapult?

The biggest hurdles for that approach have to do with the fact that any ground-based boost method will induce high accelerations; and after that, the payload ends up having to go very fast in thick atmosphere.

The only way to handle the first problem is by adding length to your booster system. You'd have to handle the second by adding sheilding (heavy!), or somehow keep the atmosphere in the launch system at low density.

There is potentially a lot of merit in developing an air launch capability, although that's got to deal with other issues.

40 posted on 09/09/2005 7:04:40 AM PDT by r9etb
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