"That Article passed in the House but then failed in the Senate (then consisting of the appointees of State legislatures). The Anti-Federalists had got their way."
That sentence right there sums up why we have the trouble we have today. Our founders set it up that Senators be accountable to the States, it gave the States more leverage and say so in the way the federal government operated. Now the Senators have no accountability, they have no ties to those outside the beltway, unless it's an election year and they need campaign material (get that picture taken with the farmer and his Mrs). They are beholden to the special interests and the 527s.
The first thing that needs to be done is to repeal the 17th Amendment that calls for direct election of Senators