"But some I know figure it's OK anytime, anywhere. I just don't get that."
I too can cuss like a sailor when the surrounding and circumstance permit. By in large silent and in counsel to myself. (I cuss to myself but I rarely cuss back!)
I spend a lot of time in sales meetings at other peoples places of business. Occasionally, you run into people who cuss up a storm in business meetings in mixed company. I never understood that. I prefer to refrain and let people think I'm stupid. I rarely go on a tirade and remove any remaining doubt.
Depends on the business. Lawyers tend to avoid swearing, though there are certainly exceptions. Many bankers can outswear a sailor. I've known female investment bankers whose language would make a Marine drill sargeant blush.
It comes down to context. You don't use the same language when visiting your grandmother that you would use in a sports bar.