Couldn't piles of mud heap thousands of feet in a year of catastrophe?
The mud then is lithified. Buried by sand dunes, which are lithified into sandstone. Then seas encroach and a barrier reef grows over it.
Then the whole shebang is lifted up to form a mountain range. The mud becomes slate and the sandstone becomes quartzite and the limestone becomes marble. And more formations erode from that range and form deltaic formations tens of thousands of feet thick. Then there is another mountain building cycle and another delta formed. And then another mountain building cycle as the ocean closes and three contintents are rammed together, rifting oceanic formations such as serpentine onto land.
Then the continents rift apart and long lakes form like in the Rift Valley of Africa. Redbeds are deposited, as well as diabase dikes in the existing formations. Then the mountains erode down to nearly level, followed by emplacement of batholiths as the continent drifts over two hot spots, which also cause a regional uplift.
And that's just the East Coast of North America, over a fragment of geologic time. The mountains of Colorado have undergone at least three mountain building cycles. Those processes take time. Lots of time.