Quite possibly. As far as cancer goes - one guy I heard on the radio claimed that your don't die of cancer "caused" by cigarettes. His claim was that you die of cancer because you have a defective immune system.
His claim was that on any given day, you'll have many cancerous cells in your body - its just that your body will kill them off and dispose of them.
At times, they will be sufficiently aggressive that you can't - or your immune system will be sufficiently weakened that you cannof fight them. Whether cigarettes contribute to *that* is another issue, but his opinion was that cigarettes do NOT "cause" cancer - rather, it's a defective immune system that allows it to live.
Whatever. I smoked. I quit. I drank. I quit. Most of that was related to boredom anyway, in my case.
Emphysema again is another story.
I still smoke. I still drink. Oh Well!