1297 saw the Magna Carta as the expression of Common Law adopted explicitly as the basis for English Law.
It was undoubtedly influenced in its development by Biblical Law. The Magna Carta expresses the self-awareness of its authors that they were framing that document as Christians.
Limits on the authority of a king, placed by the governed, is the fruit not of the ancient pagan State, but comes directly from Biblical Law and the model provided in Scripture.
> Limits on the authority of a king, placed by the governed, is the fruit ...
... of numerous pagan societies, such as the pre-Christian Icelanders. However, once Iceland Christianized, their slide into theocratic monarchical tryanny began.
The ancient pagan states, especially places like Rome, were the first societies to place systematic limits on the power of rulers.
For example, no Roman citizen could be shackled or bound unless he had been convicted of a crime. Every Roman accused of a crime was entitled to confront his accusers.