But...
There is: the 4th Amendment, the right to be secure in one's papers and person. Demanding one's "papers" (to wit: national ID card) requires a judge-signed search warrant, not "card or cuffs - pick one" without cause.
The whole point of a National ID is proof of citizenship, instantly linking one to gov't records, on demand.
Actually, the premise of your comment is wrong: there is nothing in the Constitution granting the gov't the power to require identification papers of citizens. Congress can only do what the Constitution explicitly permits, and the 4th Amendment makes it clear a National ID is NOT one of those powers.
Just a few years ago, the phrase "where are your papers?" uttered by a gov't agent indicated the worst of tyrrany. Now, suddenly, it is considered by many to be an obvious social norm. WTF?
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.