Yes, assuming those ports are blocked from the outside world.
Some ISP's (including Comcast, I think) block traffic on the Netbios ports such as 139 already, before it even reaches you.
At a minimum, anyone with a broadband connection should have a private IP address. This would stop this type of thing from even getting to your computer.
If using Windows 95/98/ME, click on Start/Run and type "winipcfg" and see what IP address is assigned to your network card. If using Windows XP, click Start/All Programs/Accessories/Communications/Network Connections and right-click on Local Area Connection and choose Status, then go to the Support tab.
I forget how to check for NT/2000 via the GUI, but opening a command prompt and typing "ipconfig" will show it to you on NT/2000/XP.
If your IP address starts with anything other than 192.168, 10, or 172.16 through 172.31, then you have a public IP address and could be vulnerable, not just to this thing, but potentially other things. If you do have a private address, it is less likely you are vulnerable.
Thanks, guys. It's tough, sometimes, to figure out how severe some of these hacks are. The virus and tech writers make them sound horrible, the Mac/Win/Linux your system sucks crowd gets into it, and you don't really know what to think.
Let me add to my previous post, quoted above.
If you do have a public IP address, you should quickly figure out how to not have one (i.e. get a firewall), unless you have a good reason for having a public address.