[gobucks]

..."but most notably from the imperative toward preservation and advancement of humanity (i.e., the species)."

Human rights are entitled to us from this? By what exactly?

[AntiGuv]

By us, or more precisely by human value-judgment, which is a product of human nature, which has been determined by human evolution. Less abstractly, your human rights are entitled to you by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.