If they were not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, they are covered under:
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
STuff too many more of these "rights" into the tenth and it will explode causing great damage and destruction.
There was probably far more regulation of military equipment by the States than by the fedgov in 1790. The former were huge and powerful compared to the latter.
However the fedgov possesses the power to restrict the armament available to terrorist groups and street gangs.
Some of the first gun control legislation came in Illinois in the 1880s to regulate the socialist militias ( German) of that day.
Those arguing with you generally consider "rights" and "powers" to be different.