Harsh Geography
Africa is known for its harsh geography.
You have jungle, desert etc etc, you also have elephants, lions, poisonous snakes etc etc. Men without cars or guns are not at the top of the food chain.
While the Colonial cbuild orads and other infrastructure they did not dshare the wealth they exploited form the country with the indigens, so they remained poor and uneducated.
Capitalism can improve countries but only if the money is not spirited straight out of the country into someone elses pockets.
Free Trade anyone?
Why do you think most Western Countries still use protectionism?
Harsh geography? They have some of the most fertile and crop friendly climate in the world - why do you think they have such lush jungles? Africa is one of the most mineral and resource rich land masses in the world.
Colonialism? There hasn't been a real colony in Africa for well over 50 years. As for exploiting and expropriating 'riches' there have been repeated studies that show the maintenacne of colonies were a net loss for the colonialists. Several African countries were left operating very well when the colonialists left (South Africa, anyone?) - corruption along with socialist and communist governments drove out anyone who stayed to try and help in a transition and the continent is a basket case again. As for the 'artificially' imposed boundaries between tribes that hate each other - nothing stopped the natives from re-arranging the boundaries OR GETTING ALONG with each other. However, it is far easier to continue to hate, murder and kill each other and then blame Westerners as economic exploiters and claim reparations!
Finally, misdirected and open-handed 'aid' to Africa mitigates against the development of any indigenous 'industry' free clothing donations decimate local economics for raising and processing cotton into clothing. Free food - frustrates incentives for a farming economy.