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The problem comes when you determine there has to be a scripture which says, "there are 3 groups of people". You can find the 3 groups mentioned by name hundreds of times.

However, in the KJV:

the word "Jews" is used beginning in 2Kings 16:6
the word "church" is used beginning in Matt 16:18 (by Jesus)
the word "nations" is used beginning in Acts 14:16

The words are all there - all THREE groups .. they're just not all in the same scripture.

I think the 3 groups is logical amongst several Scriptures. But, so what? Is that of great crucial importance in our issues on the table at present?

the word "Jews" is used beginning in 2Kings 16:6

The word is y'hudim. It does not mean 'Jews' as the word is used today. It quite simply means 'men from the Tribe of Judah'. People known as 'Jews' today are not just from the tribe of Judah. The word 'Jews' refering to other than the tribe of Judah was not in common use until after the completion of the 'Old Testament'. the word "church" is used beginning in Matt 16:18

The word is ekklesia. It means 'called out assembly'. The word is used a lot in the 'Old Testament' as well. In the Septuagint, the word ekklesia is first used in Deuteronomy 4:10. The idea that the 'church' as an entity did not exist until Acts 2, may be common, but it does not jibe with Scripture. In Acts 7:38, Stephen refers to it existing long before Acts 2:

This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us

This is refering to the People of God assembled at Sinai, hearing God's voice. The English word 'church' was chosen by the King James translators in 1611 to bolster James' position as head of the Church of England. Prior to that time, every English version of the Bible (Wyclyffe, Tyndale, Bishops etc.) used 'Assembly' or 'Congregation'. The people of God are the people of God - always have been, always will be.

the word "nations" is used beginning in Acts 14:16

The word is very common in both the 'Old' and 'New' - in fact the idea that Israel was to be a light to the 'Nations' is a principle theme in Deuteronomy 4 which says,

Deuteronomy 4:4-10: But you who held fast to HaShem your God are alive today, every one of you. 'Surely I have taught you statutes and judgments, just as HaShem my God commanded me, that you should act according to them in the land which you go to possess. Therefore be careful to observe them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples who will hear all these statutes, and say, 'Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people. 'For what great nation is there that has God so near to it, as HaShem our God is to us, for whatever reason we may call upon Him? And what great nation is there that has such statutes and righteous judgments as are in all this Torah which I set before you this day? Only take heed to yourself, and diligently keep yourself, lest you forget the things your eyes have seen, and lest they depart from your heart all the days of your life. And teach them to your children and your grandchildren, especially concerning the day you stood before HaShem your God in Horeb, when HaShem said to me, 'Gather the people to Me, and I will let them hear My words, that they may learn to fear Me all the days they live on the earth, and that they may teach their children.'