In the concrete, the U.S. Constitution only directly protects the rights of its citizens and through some fairly recent activist judges, residents of this country, both legal and illegal.
It doesn't necessarily protect the rights of citizens of other countries, and certainly doesn't protect the rights of the governments of other countries, if governments can be said to have any rights at all.
But I'll bite. Let's say that the 2nd does protect the rights of every person on earth to have nukes. The Constitution also guarantees a republic form of government.
Let's start overthrowing any government which it's a republican government, ok?
I understand in application it only applies (for the most part) to US citizens. But by saying that gun ownership, and all weapons ownership, is an inalienable right - then our government (as the actor) should not take any action infringing on any person's (citizen or not) of owning any arms. If nukes are included, then any individual should have the right to bear nukes.
In your hypothetical - our government should not do anything to PREVENT a republic from forming. These rights prevent the government from taking action, not requiring affirmative action.