You are asking a question that cannot be answered if you insist on personally experiencing everything you believe to be true.
However, the effects of brain damage are among the most widely studied in the entire field of neuroscience. In addition to the case cited above, there is a famous case of an artist wh lost color vision as a result of an accident. He lost not only his color vision, but also his knowledge and memory of colors.
Moreover, it does not settle whether the mind is an epiphenomenon of the physical brain or whether the physical brain is the mechanism of mind (like a transmitter/receiver). I know of no clinical test which could falsify either worldview.