Physicists at that Copenhagen meeting simply agreed that by using waves to represent particles, or objects, that the wave function describing them exists in a superposition of states prior to some interaction. That's all. When you are using waves to represent objects, probabilities ensue, not certainties. The probabilities are still certainties and the fact that your representations fall short of what the objects actually are does not change, or effect what they are. THis pen is still what it is, regardless of what you know about it. If I give it to you to examine and you come back claiming it's a horse, it's still a pen.
The laws of nature are constant and existed before the big bang. The universe you see today does not directly manifest all the laws of nature. What can easily be seen of this universe is a subpart. "current theories speculate that the laws as we know them may have been "formed" as part of the Big Bang"
No one said that. WHat they do hold is that what you see is a result of the big bang. There is no generalization, or claim, that these laws were created. They are simply a manifestation of what is possible with the laws of nature.
" you're making all sorts of metaphysical assumptions about the nature of reality."
Nope, they're scientific and logical. No assumptions were made, except a = a.
Is it the same pen now, as it was just a moment ago? No, it's not -- so what, precisely do you mean by "this pen?"