Actually, due to our tax laws, our companies do not tend to repatriate profits. I've seen an estimate that perhaps $500 billion would return if the "Homeland Investment Act" (aka "Invest in the USA Act") were passed to substantially lower those taxes.
However, I don't believe that we charge any sort of repatriation tax to companies that take money out of the U.S., which is a practice that some countries do engage in to try to keep money in their countries. (I believe that the consensus opinion that it is instead an effective way to keep initial investments out of these countries.)
US subsidiaries do not pay tax on foreign income if that income is not "effectively connected" to the parent company's operations. Those that do, receive a Foreign Tax Credit for that portion of their tax liability that is equal to the tax they owe to the foreign jurisdiction. Foreign companies pay tax on their earnings in the U.S., period.