Sure. There are lots of possibilities, if (a very big if) we develop technologies that generate a large net energy surplus. Nuclear reactors (the fission variety) may not offer a very big payoff; the energy invested to build the facility is large, and so is the energy investment to cart off and store the waste.
Fusion - if achieved - might offer a way out.
By comparison to the energy investment necessary to extract, refine, and use petroleum, the comparative energy cost of fission is miniscule.