[valkyrieanne]

The Spanish defeated Protestant armies on the battlefield? Where? As I recall, the Spanish attempt to invade England ended rather badly, and Spain was never the same afterward.

Also, he fails to point out that the primary reason for establishing the Spanish Inquisition was to hunt out Jews who had converted to Christianity *under duress* and were still secretly practicing Judaism, and that the Spanish Inquisition was at one point condemned by Rome for its brutality.

[RobbyS]

Also, he fails to point out that the primary reason for establishing the Spanish Inquisition was to hunt out Jews who had converted to Christianity *under duress* and were still secretly practicing Judaism, and that the Spanish Inquisition was at one point condemned by Rome for its brutality.

And if you read Henry Kamen, you will see that he disagrees with you. A lot were falsely accused but Jewish Christians were, by and large, NOT secret Jews.

[xsysmgr]

The Spanish defeated Protestant armies on the battlefield? Where?

I believe the reference is to the mid-16th century war in the Netherlands, where the protestant Dutch revolted against the rule of Catholic Spain.

[swilhelm73]

The Spanish Armada was defeated of course. The Spanish and Austrian armies in Germany faired much better. It was only Swedish intervention, and specifically Gustavus Adolphus, combined with French money that saved the Protestants in Germany in the 30 Years War.

[Polybius]

The Spanish defeated Protestant armies on the battlefield? Where?

The Battle of Muhlberg.

The Battle of Gemblours.

The capture of Haarlem.

The capture of Leyden.

The capture of Namur.

The capture of Ghent.

The capture of Antwerp.

The capture of Ostend.

The capture of Brussels.

The capture of Breda.

The defeat of the Huguenot siege of Paris in 1590.

The reason that Belgium and France remained Catholic countries is because Protestant armies in those two countries were defeated by Spain.

The Surrender of Breda

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Historical Bonus Question:

What is the significance of the year 1290 in English history?

Hint: Although the Spanish expulsion of the Jews in 1492 is taught to every school child, what happened in England in 1290 is never mentioned.