ahem.
1943 : (PATRICK ARGUELLO BORN, GROWS UP IN NICARAGUA: HE WOULD LATER JOIN UP WITH PALESTINIAN PFLP TERRORISTS IN CARRYING OUT HIJACKINGS AGAINST ISRAELI CIVILIAN PLANES) Patrick Arguello's own life, albeit short, was eventful. He was the child of an American mother and a Nicaraguan father, and spent his childhood in Nicaragua. - http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/sixties-l/1544.html
1957 : (PATRICK ARGUELLO'S FAMILY SUSPECTED IN THE ASSASSINATION OF NICARAGUAN LEADER SOMOZA; THEY FLEE TO THE US : HE WOULD LATER JOIN UP WITH PALESTINIAN PFLP TERRORISTS IN CARRYING OUT HIJACKINGS AGAINST ISRAELI CIVILIAN PLANES ) Patrick Arguello's own life, albeit short, was eventful. He was the child of an American mother and a Nicaraguan father, and spent his childhood in Nicaragua. But in 1957, his family was wrongly suspected of involvement in the assassination of Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza, and forced to flee to the United States. Patrick spent his teenage and early adult years in Los Angeles, during a time of political changes such as the Cuban revolution and the U.S. civil rights movement. - http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/sixties-l/1544.html (bear in mind this is a lib source)
1967 - 1968 : (CHILE : PATRICK ARGUELLO GETS FULLBRIGHT SCHOLARSHIP TO STUDY IN CHILE : HE WOULD LATER JOIN UP WITH PALESTINIAN PFLP TERRORISTS IN CARRYING OUT HIJACKINGS AGAINST ISRAELI CIVILIAN PLANES) Patrick Patrick Arguello obtained a Fullbright scholarship to study in Chile in 1967-68. It was a time of great ferment in Chile, which culminated in the 1970 election of Leftist President Salvador Allende. When Patrick returned to Nicaragua, he worked with the Nicaraguan student movement. He hoped to join the Sandinista National Liberation Front. - http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/sixties-l/1544.html
AUGUST 1969 : (PATRICK ARGUELLO IS EXILED; HE GOES TO EUROPE AND JOINS UP WITH FSLN TERRORIST GROUP, WHICH COLLABORATED WITH THE PALESTINIAN FEDEYEEN IN ORDER TO GET MILITARY TRAINING FOR SANDINISTA RECRUITS; ARGUELLO TRAINS IN JORDAN AND THEN PARTICIPATES IN PLANNING SEPTEMBER HIJACKINGS) In August 1969, the Somoza government exiled Patrick for his political activities. He subsequently went to Europe and became involved with an FSLN cell there. The FSLN began to collaborate with various factions of the Palestinian guerrilla movement, known as Fedayeen,in order to receive military training for a group of Sandinista recruits. Patrick Arguello was part of a small group of Nicaraguans who trained in Jordan and participated in the planning of the September [1970] hijackings [which ultimately lead to his death.]. - http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/sixties-l/1544.html
1969 : (PALESTINIAN GEURRILLA LEILA KHALED PARTICIPATES IN HIJACKING) - http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/sixties-l/1544.html
1969 : (PALESTINIAN TERRORIST LEILA KHALED HIJACKS A TWA FLIGHT TO SYRIA) Leila Khaled had come to notoriety when she had successfully hijacked a TWA flight to Damascus in 1969. - "TERRORISTS, SPIES & ASSASSINS/TERRORISTS : CARLOS THE JACKAL: TRAIL OF TERROR : Black September, " CourtTV.com, April 12, 2003, http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/jackal/6.html?sect=22.
1970s : (NICARAGUAN SANDINISTAS COLLABORATE WITH PALESTINIAN GUERRILLAS - THE PFLP) (* Note that the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq was, at least later, a supporter of the PFLP)
FEBRUARY 1970 : (JORDANIAN TROOPS CLASH WITH PALESTINIAN TERROR BACKERS IN A THREE DAY STREET FIGHT AFTER KING HUSSEIN OF JORDAN ISSUES A DECREE ORDERING PALESTINIANS TO SURRENDER THEIR GUNS AND EXPLOSIVES; DECREE LATER ABANDONED) Prior to the [Haddad's PFLP September] hijackings, King Hussein of Jordan had been mostly sympathetic to the Palestinian cause and had allowed over fifty terrorist groups into his country. Tensions had been mounting however, since Palestinian attacks on Jewish targets had increased Jordan's vulnerability to retaliatory strikes from Israel. The tension increased in February 1970 when Jordanian troops, attempting to enforce a royal decree that ordered the Palestinians to surrender their guns and explosives, clashed with the "freedom fighters" in a street brawl that lasted three days. The decree was later abandoned. - "TERRORISTS, SPIES & ASSASSINS/TERRORISTS : CARLOS THE JACKAL: TRAIL OF TERROR : Black September, " CourtTV.com, April 12, 2003, http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/jackal/6.html?sect=22.
JULY 1970 : (PALESTINIAN TERRORIST LEILA KHALED ESCAPES SERIOUS INJURY WHEN REMOTE-CONTROLLED ROCKETS WERE FIRED INTO HADDAD'S HOUSE DURING A TERRORIST PLANNING SESSION; HADDAD BLAMED MOSSAD) In July 1970, Khaled had escaped serious injury when remote controlled rockets were fired into Haddad's house during a meeting. Incredibly, two of the four rockets failed to explode but Haddad's wife and eight-year-old son, who were in another room, received cuts and burns. Haddad blamed Mossad, Israel's secret service, for the attack.- "TERRORISTS, SPIES & ASSASSINS/TERRORISTS : CARLOS THE JACKAL: TRAIL OF TERROR : Black September, " CourtTV.com, April 12, 2003, http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/jackal/6.html?sect=22.
SEPTEMBER 6, 1970 : (JORDAN : PFLP HIJACKING OF THREE CIVILIAN AIRPLANES) On September 6, 1970, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacked three airplanes to free captured members and bring attention to their cause. The hostage crisis on an abandoned airstrip in Jordan captured world attention. - http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/sixties-l/1544.html
SEPTEMBER 6, 1970 : (UK : FOURTH ATTEMPTED HIJACKING OF AN ISRAELI EL AL AIRLINER FAILS : ONE HIJACKER, NICARAGUAN SANDINISTA PATRICK ARGUELLO RYAN KILLED, THE OTHER, PALESTINIAN TERRORIST LEILA KHALED, IS CAPTURED WHEN PLANE MAKES EMERGENCY LANDING IN LONDON) On September 6, 1970, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacked three airplanes to free captured members and bring attention to their cause. The hostage crisis on an abandoned airstrip in Jordan captured world attention. That same day, a fourth attempted hijack of an Israeli El Al flight failed. The male hijacker was killed, and the female hijacker was taken into custody by British authorities when the Israeli plane made an emergency landing in London. She was identified as Leila Khaled, a Palestinian guerrilla famous for a previous hijacking in 1969. The slain hijacker was later identified as Patrick Arguello Ryan, a 27-year-old man of Nicaraguan-American background. Questions abounded: Who was he and how did he come to be involved with the Palestinians? Many assumed he was merely a radical embracing a revolutionary cause, a leftist student like so many of that era. Some called him an internationalist hero like Che Guevara, while others called him a cold-blooded terrorist like Carlos the Jackal. The truth about Patrick Arguello is far more complex. Patrick was a member of Nicaragua's Sandinista National Liberation Front. He died in an obscure chapter of Sandinista history: their 1970 collaboration with Palestinian guerrillas. - http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/sixties-l/1544.html
SEPTEMBER 6, 1970 : (PFLP TERRORIST HADDAD ORDERS THE SIMULATANEOUS HIJACKING OF FOUR AIRLINERS BOUND FOR NY; PALESTINIAN TERRORIST LEILA KHALED & HER SANDINISTA ACCOMPLICE PATRICK ARGUELLO POSE AS MARRIED COUPLE AND KHALED LEADS THE FIRST ATTACK; PILOT PUTS THE PLANE IN A NOSEDIVE AND AN EL AL SKY MARSHALL SHOOTS ARGUELLO AFTER HE TOSSES A GRENADE DOWN THE AISLE BUT IT FAILS TO EXPLODE WHILE LIELLA KHALED IS BEATEN BY PASSENGERS AS SHE STRUGGLED TO PULL OUT HER GRENADES)
First plane : On September 6 1970, Haddad ordered the simultaneous hijacking of four airliners bound for New York. Leila Khaled, one of Haddad's trusted lieutenants, led the first attack. Khaled had come to notoriety when she had successfully hijacked a TWA flight to Damascus in 1969. In July 1970, Khaled had escaped serious injury when remote controlled rockets were fired into Haddad's house during a meeting. Incredibly, two of the four rockets failed to explode but Haddad's wife and eight-year-old son, who were in another room, received cuts and burns. Haddad blamed Mossad, Israel's secret service, for the attack. Khaled's mission was to hijack an El Al flight, which was en-route to New York from Tel Aviv via Amsterdam. The plan was for Khaled and her accomplice, Patrick Arguello, to pose as a married couple and take control of the aircraft. As the plane approached the English coast, the pair rose from their seats and, brandishing guns, made their way to the cockpit. As they reached the flight deck the pilot thrust the aircraft into a steep nosedive throwing the terrorists off their feet. In the scuffle that followed, Arguello threw a hand grenade down the aisle of the plane and was shot dead shortly after by an El Al "sky marshal."- "TERRORISTS, SPIES & ASSASSINS/TERRORISTS : CARLOS THE JACKAL: TRAIL OF TERROR : Black September, " CourtTV.com, April 12, 2003, http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/jackal/6.html?sect=22.
Fortunately the grenade failed to explode. Khaled was overpowered by male passengers and savagely beaten as she tried to retrieve her own grenades, which had been secreted inside her brassiere.
After an emergency landing at Heathrow Airport, Khaled became the subject of a heated argument as El Al security and British police fought over who had jurisdiction over the prisoner. Eventually the Israelis conceded defeat and Khaled was taken into British custody.Second plane: The second attack also met with problems when the Pan Am 747 was found to be too big to land at the Jordanian airstrip that Haddad had selected. Instead it was flown to Cairo where the passengers and crew were ordered off before the plane was blown up.
Last two planes : The other two aircraft, a Swissair DC8 from Zurich and a TWA 707 from Frankfurt were successfully captured and flown to Zarqa airstrip in Jordan as planned. In honour of the event the Palestinians renamed Dawson's Field, a former British airstrip, "Revolution Airstrip." In a public announcement, the Popular Front described the attacks as the first strike in avenging "the American plot to liquidate the Palestinian cause by supplying arms to Israel." They further ordered the Swiss and West German governments to release several of their jailed comrades.
A further hijacking by a Popular Front sympathizer saw a BOAC flight from Bombay to London carrying 150 passengers taken hostage and held at Zarqa pending Khaled's release. After twenty-four hours of intense negotiations, 360 passengers and crews were released in exchange for Khaled and six other convicted terrorists. As a final act of revenge, terrorist bombers destroyed the aircraft. Carlos [the Jackal] , as a new recruit with no experience, was not used in the attacks but spent the time guarding a munitions depot far from the action.
Prior to the hijackings, King Hussein of Jordan had been mostly sympathetic to the Palestinian cause and had allowed over fifty terrorist groups into his country. Tensions had been mounting however, since Palestinian attacks on Jewish targets had increased Jordan's vulnerability to retaliatory strikes from Israel. The tension increased in February 1970 when Jordanian troops, attempting to enforce a royal decree that ordered the Palestinians to surrender their guns and explosives, clashed with the "freedom fighters" in a street brawl that lasted three days. The decree was later abandoned.
Incensed that the Popular Front would have the audacity the carry out such an act on Jordanian soil without his consent, Hussein decreed marshal [should be "martial law"] law and raised his Bedu army to drive the Palestinians out of Jordan. The resulting conflict was dubbed "Black September" and was to become Carlos's [Carlos the Jackal's] first taste of real warfare.
SEPTEMBER 1970 : (JORDAN : THE KING TIRES OF PFLP HIJACKINGS OCCURING ON JORDANIAN SOIL AND HAS THE PALESTINIANS DRIVEN OUT OF JORDAN. CARLOS THE JACKAL GOT HIS FIRST TASTE OF WARFARE AT THIS TIME) Incensed that the Popular Front would have the audacity the carry out such an act on Jordanian soil without his consent, Hussein decreed marshal [should be "martial law"] law and raised his Bedu army to drive the Palestinians out of Jordan. The resulting conflict was dubbed "Black September" and was to become Carlos's [Carlos the Jackal's] first taste of real warfare. - "TERRORISTS, SPIES & ASSASSINS/TERRORISTS : CARLOS THE JACKAL: TRAIL OF TERROR : Black September, " CourtTV.com, April 12, 2003, http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/jackal/6.html?sect=22.
*****
* Carlos the Jackal : You know, of course, that Carlos the Jackal is a convert to Islam.- 4 posted on 10/02/2003 3:52 AM PDT by livius *
* No I didn't. Interesting, like the fact that Carlos the Jackel's brother runs Hugo Chavez's Venezuela Bolivarian "education" department. A little bird told me. - 5 posted on 10/02/2003 5:19 AM PDT by Cincinatus' Wife *
Carlos converted to Islam about 10 years ago in the Sudan. I gather he's quite the little Muslim activist in jail now, where he recently married his looney French ultra-left lawyer. Remember that one of the first official acts of Chavez (during a victory lap in France) was to attempt to visit Carlos in jail, even before meeting the French President. He has also written adoring letters to his terrorist idol. 10 posted on 10/02/2003 7:19 AM PDT by livius