I'm guessing (a bit):
1. Economic protectionism, such as we had in the nineteenth century (not to mention the 1930's) when the US was rather a poor country.
2. Foreign policy designed for a weak country, as laid out by Washington's farewell. This is why you'll see the paleos making friends with Euro-types. The Europeans base their foreign policy on weakness, as do the paleos. As for Washington, if he lived longer, until America was stronger, he would probably have modified his views and endorsed America's first war against terror, the Tripolian Wars against the Barbary States.)
3. Refusal to accept that politicians need to appeal to those moderate swing voters to win.
4. Smaller government with minimal to no deficits.
Personally, I would say I am a neo-con on 1-3 except that neo-con is really a term of insult used by our adversaries. On 4 I am paleo.