I realized there is a sense in which the We the People of the Preamble refers to a substantial reality that historically preceded the institution of American government itself. For there was an American nation before there was a United States. And it was consolidated enough to fight and win the Revolutionary War and effect its separation from Great Britain. Indeed, the United States is the creature of this "We the People."
I have long considered the Declaration of Independence the Preamble to the Preamble. For it tells you who We the People are, and what they want:
When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security .
And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
What these lines say to me is this: The people described are not creatures of the state, to be ordered about by judges. This people is the creator of the state, its legitimizing authority, and its final arbiter or judge.
As such, these lines are absolute anathema to socially progressive, utopian schemes in which people are creatures, not of God, but of the state. In such schemes, the Will of the People -- in the dual senses of sovereign authority and consent to the continued existence of the government -- disappears, replaced by a complete abstraction called the General Will -- which is basically whatever intellectuals and the politicians and judges they have in their pockets say it is.
I think we Americans have an acute need to revive our understanding of who We the People are. But frankly I wonder whether contemporary America can summon a sufficient people in this sense with the will and the spirit to reassert their ancient rights which they, acting in concert, supposedly guaranteed and secured by the Constitution they created.
FWIW