By 1870, compulsory education was the law, but it wasn't enforced.In one area of N.Y. C., 9 children out of 600, actually attended school. What did the others do?Some worked, a lot of them were gang members, who mugged and robbed and stole and.or were prostitutes. Many of the gang members were used by Tammany Hall ( Dems, in case you didn't know )to FIX ELECTIONS and terrorize others to vote Dem.
If you think that things were better in rural America, you're wrong.In Canton, Mass., in 1870 ( and this is rural country, NOT a city! ) after reprimanding four boys, by keeping them after school ( yes, detention is that old!),when they were let out, they STONED THE TEACHER TO DEATH . These were whites, BTW.
Out on the prairie, things were even worse.
There are good, bad, and indifferent public schools today.Can they be fixed? YES! Will they be? I don't know, but it doesn't look good.