"My own viewing of the film" + "Mel does a Tarantino job on Christ"

Summary
I saw a nearly completed version in Denver in January at the conference of the Fellowship of Catholic University Students. Based on that, I can affirm that all the statements made about the movie I've quoted above are true, both the comments from those who loved it and from those who are concerned. It is a beautiful and well-crafted work of art. It is a clearly Catholic work, accenting the self-giving of Jesus, his relationship with Mary, and the Eucharist. It is gory, with excessive and gratuitous violence (including a crow plucking out the eyes of the "bad thief" after his taunting of Jesus).

And it does exaggerate the role of the Jews. There are many examples that could be cited. Jesus is beaten to a bloody pulp by the temple guards (and thrown off a bridge) before he ever gets to Caiaphas. Jews are present in the Praetorium for the scourging of Jesus--and only Romans express concerns about the excesses inflicted by both their own guards and the Jews. There are no sympathetic figures on the via dolorosa, except for figures from Scripture and tradition, such as Simon and Veronica, who have generally been seen as people who came to believe in Jesus--Gibson inexplicably left out Jesus greeting the women of Jerusalem. Caiaphas leads the procession to Calvary on a donkey, and presides over the execution as if he were in charge. The earthquake at the end, an act of divine vindictiveness, is barely noticed by Pilate, but creates a chasm in the temple (the Biblical tearing of the veil is left out, though).

It is a movie, with good and bad. For most Catholics, it will be a moving meditation on the sufferings of Christ. For others, it will be perhaps puzzling, perhaps just a work of art, perhaps revolting. For some, it will confirm their deepest prejudices.

Unfortunately, in the months since we first heard details emerge, advocates of the movie have refused to discuss it in objective terms. They have slandered those who have asked questions, glossed over the movie's inaccuracies and distortions, and have made excuses for its horrific violence.

And yet discussing such a movie is essential. We should be able to ask the same questions of it as we would ask of any film--What's good? What's not as effective? Where does it follow Scripture? Where does it depart? Why? Unfortunately, we've seen that those who have asked such questions to date have far too frequently received blank looks or hostility in return.

This movie needs to be evaluated in terms of the objective criteria provided by the US Catholic Bishops, and in the context of the history of passion plays. This is what a group of scholars did when they obtained the script. But the defenders of Mel focused on the question of how they got the script, and not on the issues they raised.

For my own part, I don't think Mel was being intentionally antisemitic. He wanted to make a movie focusing on the meaning of the Passion for us. He used the writings of an 18th century German nun, Anne Catherine Emmerich, as the basis, and this resulted in the inclusion of some problematic elements. Her Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ is the product of a pious but overworked imagination, and reflects both misunderstanding and ignorance of Scripture and unquestioning acceptance of antisemitic assumptions that prevailed among Catholics of the era. Some of her most bizarre scenes that were in the initial script, as indicated by the Scholars Report, are not in the movie (e.g., Caiaphas having the cross made in the temple courtyard, Jesus having the Passover lamb killed in the upper room rather than the temple). But her "visions" are so much a part of this movie that it would be fair to say it is a movie of her book, not of the Gospels.

In months gone by, some few spoke of boycotting or protesting the movie. That, I think, would be extreme, and inappropriate. But the reaction to this film (and questioning of it) does underscore the question of how well Catholic theologians and leaders are communicating contemporary Catholic teaching on the Passion and on relations with the Jews, and so provides an opportunity for discussion and education.

Would I recommend it to people who want to know about Jesus and the gospel? No. I'd tell them to see "The Gospel of John," "Jesus" (based on Luke's gospel alone), or even "Jesus of Nazareth." But I would use "Passion" as an example of a great work of art that unfortunately presents wrongful stereotypes and pre-Vatican 2 theology.

The positives
The movie, as I said, is a very Catholic vision. It is easy to see why so many Catholics have got so caught up in it that the offensive parts have slipped by them. It is harder for me to understand why Evangelicals have shared their enthusiasm.

The film opens with a scripture that accents the theological point Gibson wants us to focus on: Isaiah 53 ("He was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities--with his stripes we are healed"). We are then in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus confronts Satan. The scene is a creative parallel to the temptation of Eve in the Garden of Eden, and raises the question: Can Jesus really bear the sins of the world? Can he go through with it? Does God even want him to? (This is really the same question posed by Kazantzakis, though in a different way).

I like the way he deals with Malchus, whose ear is severed by a frightened Peter, and restored by Jesus.

I think it oddly effective the way Mary wakes up at night and asks the question from the Seder, "Why is this night different from all other nights?" (a contribution from the actress herself).

There are some very effective scenes highlighting the relationship between Jesus and Mary, including a humorous exchange in the carpenter's shop which shows some playfulness between them (a scene that really surprised me, because no one had mentioned it to me).

Though it is not scriptural, I appreciate Gibson's use of the Stations of the Cross and the Pieta. These make the film a piece of devotional art, rather than an historical portrayal. If this had been accented from the beginning, instead of the claim that it was "the most accurate movie ever," things may have been a little different.

Though it is not scriptural, I think the scene of the child-demons taunting the despairing Judas is an amazing interpretation, and quite chilling.

The various flashbacks are very well done, and serve both to break up the violence and to accent theological points.

The Eucharistic themes are very powerful; flashbacks throughout the crucifixion take us back to the Last Supper, and the unwrapping of the bread, and the blessing of the bread and cup.

In a scene at the end, the camera follows a raindrop from the sky (a tear from heaven?) until it splashes at the foot of the cross; the sound reverberates and leads into the earthquake. A striking piece of film--though theologically suspect, as I'll highlight below.

It is easy to understand why Catholics get so emotionally caught up in it that they have often failed to notice the problems--and these are many.

The negatives
Gibson is not merely telling the Gospel account, but adds to it in ways that consistently accent the culpability of Jews and mitigate that of the Romans. He adds violent beatings of Jesus--by Jews--that are not in Scripture. He changes the entire feel of the story as the Gospels tell it. In the Scriptural account, Jesus is snatched quietly, at night, to avoid the crowds. Jesus is willing to go quietly, and keeps the disciples from fighting back. He is held while the high priest gathers his council. During it, there is some physical abuse by the guards and some taunting and one slapping of his face, but the Evangelists don't elaborate on this or draw it out. Then he is delivered to Pilate. Gibson changes the tenor of all these scenes, making them more dramatic, more violent, more frightening. He also adds scenes that contradict explicit statements in Scripture. According to John, the Jews refuse to enter the Praetorium. No Jew--not even a disciple--is depicted as present in the Praetorium. But Gibson has them there.

In Mel's version, the beating of Jesus begins immediately upon his arrest, contrary to the Gospels. He is wrapped in chains, and at one point thrown off a bridge. These added beatings, by Jews, and the behavior of the Jews in subsequent scenes, make them a bloodthirsty, barbarous people--the only exceptions being those who believe in Jesus or are sympathetic to his cause. Jews are depicted in customary stereotypes, as greedy and money-grubbing, who can be easily bought off in the middle of the night. The Jewish leaders are seen as the equals of or more powerful than the Romans, which is contrary to history. The Jewish high priest at the time was a Roman appointee, answerable to Pilate--not in Mel's version, though.

The Jewish violence which began in the garden is unleashed without mercy in the court of the high priest. Jesus arrives, a bruised and bloody mess--perhaps a hundred people are crammed into the room, anxious for the spectacle to begin. Immediately after the "trial," the priests take turns hitting and spitting on Jesus, and then the guards and observers join in, beating him with sadistic glee. In this melee Peter, who is in the room itself, is grabbed and manhandled, and accused of being a follower of Jesus.

Gibson's Pilate is a weak and indecisive administrator who grouses about the rabble and about being stuck in this stinking outpost. When the excessively large crowd gathers in the courtyard of the Praetorium, Pilate goes out and, seeing Jesus for the first time, is disgusted by what the Jews have done. He asks the priests, “Do you always punish them before you judge them?” In the scenes which follow, Pilate appears as a lone and weak representative of Rome, with inadequate troops at his disposal, not the brutal governor know from history. He muses, “If I don’t condemn him, Caiaphas will rebel. If I do, his followers will. Either way there will be bloodshed.” Soldiers inform him that there is already an uprising. The priests, temple guards, and people are growing ugly. But instead of putting them in their place, as the historical Pilate would have done, they are appeased.

Pilate decides to have Jesus beaten, thinking this will satisfy the bloodlust of the Jews. Jesus is taken within. The leading priests go in, watching through a gate--but clearly on Roman soil, contrary to the Gospels. Jesus is beaten first with rods until he collapses. There’s a pause. Jesus stands. The Romans are perturbed. They get the flagella. One hits the table—the metal embedded in the strands of the whip sticks fast in the surface of the table. They begin to apply it to Jesus’ back. It sticks, and rips skin away. The violence goes on longer than any human could withstand. The camera lingers, fascinated, voyeuristic. The only breaks are to follow Mary as she leaves the scene, unable to watch any more (yes, she is there--and she will wipe up the blood afterwards, using towels given to her by Pilate's wife).

A Roman comes and orders them to stop: “You were ordered to punish him, not to scourge him to death.” This is but the first instance where Romans are depicted as having a conscience, or at least a limit to what they will inflict on a person. The Jews have none. The Romans are egged on by Satan, wandering through the crowd--the Jews need no such encouragement.

In the version I saw, after Pilate gives in to their demands the crowd shouts, gleefully, “His blood be upon us and our children.” Pilate gives up, and says to his men, “Do as they wish.” Rumors say Mel has taken this line out. That's good, as it was traditionally understood by Christians to extend the guilt for Deicide through history to contemporary Jews; but it doesn't minimize the exaggerated depiction of the Jews that we've endured to this point. And more is to come.

The procession to Calvary appears to be a religious event, led by priests riding donkeys; flashbacks recall Palm Sunday. The crowds lining the road this time are hostile and merciless, berating and pummeling Jesus as he passes. The Romans beat them back. Arriving at Calvary, Jesus is nailed to the cross--again, the violence is exaggerated and excessive, with the camera lingering over the scene as the cross is flipped over, with Jesus face down; blood dripping; the protruding ends of the nails are bent over, and then the cross is flipped over the other way.

A thief taunts Jesus to save himself and them. The crowd joins in the taunting, as does the High Priest, who says, “If he is the Messiah, let him come down that we may believe.” Caiaphas walks around as if he is the senior official presiding over the execution. He does not protest at the sign nailed to the cross by the Romans. There is no division of roles here--they are doing his bidding.

When Jesus prays, "Father, forgive them," the good thief says (as in Scripture), “Listen, he prays for you. We deserve this, but he doesn’t. Lord, remember me when you come into your kingdom” Jesus promises that he will be in paradise. The bad thief, Gesmas, laughs. A crow drops from heaven and pecks out his eyes. Hardly an answer to that prayer for forgiveness, is it?

The sky darkens, and the priests leave. The Romans let Mary approach. Throughout, they've shown her sympathy, assisting her in the crowd, casting nervous glances at her, talking amongst themselves.

Jesus dies. The camera looks down on Calvary. A drop of rain condenses, and the camera follows it down to the ground. It hits with explosive force, and an earthquake rocks the hill. Pilate is rattled. The temple is hit hardest; a chasm opens in the floor, and rocks fall on the priests. The sense is clearly one of divine judgment (like the crow eating the eyes of the thief). The drop of rain is like a divine tear; we see a picture of God as grieving in human fashion, his grief quickly turning to anger, and lashing out, not at the Romans, but at the Jews, and particularly at the Jewish religious authorities.

It is an awful depiction, and recalls the worst of medieval passion plays. Yet most of the Christians in the usually select audiences that have seen it so far are oblivious to these things. Even a handful of politically conservative Jewish commentators claim to have seen nothing problematic. But those Jews who have seen it who are not predisposed to be generous to Mel have been shocked by the portrayal. A special screening in Houston included local Jewish community members and representatives of the national offices of the ADL and American Jewish Committee. All had similar reactions. They sat like strangers in the auditorium, unable to understand the emotional reactions of the Christians around them, and unable to understand, when they spoke with those Christians later, how they could have missed the parts of the film that so troubled the Jews.

Here are some comments from viewers of the film here in Australia, including Jews. This was published in the Daily Telegraph:

Mel does a Tarantino job on Christ
February 20, 2004

FEDERAL MPs were 'visibly shaken' by Mel Gibson's film on Christ, reports TORY MAGUIRE.

Jewish MP Michael Danby hadn't seen such violence "since I went to a Quentin Tarantino film", he said after an advance screening of Mel Gibson's new film about Jesus Christ.

Multicultural Affairs Minister Gary Hardgrave had to turn away from the screen many times and left the theatre with pulse racing.

And Sydney MP Bruce Baird called it "brutal" and "gory".

Three hundred MPs and staffers got to view The Passion of Christ at Parliament House on Wednesday.

Filmed in Aramaic, the movie has raised allegations it is anti-Semitic and too violent.

Verdicts on the film's merits differed but the consistent theme was that it was "confronting", "gory" and "brutal." Some viewers left the theatre in tears at the end of the screening and many, including Treasurer Peter Costello and Deputy Prime Minister John Anderson, were visibly shaken.

Sydney MP Bruce Baird said he thought the movie was a faithful depiction of Christ's final 12 hours but "I wished they didn't spend quite as long on the floggings".
Parliamentary Christian Fellowship chairman Mr Baird helped organise the screening. He said parents should not take children under 16 to see the film.

Mr Hardgrave said he would advise those who were disturbed by the film to see their priest or rabbi or other religious elder. "The amount of violence was just breathtaking," Mr Hardgrave said.

"We all knew that Jesus suffered, died, was buried, and rose again, but to see the suffering portrayed was very confronting."

Mr Danby was "taken aback by the violence and, frankly, I found that two hours of Aramaic and subtitles is hard going".

"I was probably the only person in the whole audience who understood large parts of the film because Aramaic is like Hewbrew and I speak Hewbrew," he said.

Just yesterday, Gibson's father Hutton Gibson caused a stir in the US when he said on radio he thought claims of the Holocaust were "exaggerated". "It's all – maybe not all fiction – but most of it is," Mr Gibson Sr said.
Mr Danby, however, said The Passion of Christ would not stir great anti-Semitism.

"I don't think there will be any major implications of this film," Mr Danby said.

"But it is my feeling from the film that Mel Gibson is his father's son.

"I think the Catholic Church and the Pope have over the past 30 years affected a reconciliation between Judaism and Christianity that is really wonderful and as far as I am concerned the Pope speaks for Catholics, not Mel Gibson."

But I recall many critics of Christianity casually making the atom bomb charge the Christianity teaches there is a collective guilt.

I was brought up in the Southern Presbyterian Church. ( Sadly absorbed by the PCUSA.)

We were always taught that the Jews were God's chosen people. Period. I never heard an utterance against the Jews or that they somehow were collectively guilty of Jesus' death.

Whether it was my intreptation or implied, I always felt that a crime against the Jews was a crime against the Father himself.

Several members of my family, including my mother and her sister have visited the Holy Land.
Israel is considered sacred ground by most Christians and the last thing they want is the demise of Israel and the Jews.

I think the views of Foxman et al are warped.

Your feelings are understandable and predictable, which is why so many conservative Jews wish the Liberals and professional victim organizers like Foxman (and even a few "conservative" posters here) would shut the hell up.

I'd just hope that we could stay above the level of generalizing...it isnt right (or very intelligent) to project the attributes of Jews who are obnoxious onto those who are not.

I typed "Christians" to emphasize that not all who call themselves Christians, are. I'd say that someone who follows racist, hateful, Bible-twisting conspiracy theory pushers like Arnold Murray and Christian Identity groups are well deserving of the quotes. Regardless of how many scriptural references they throw to obscure the truth, or wails of indigence about the ADL when their racism is called on.

("kenite scum" is a pet term used by those who are into the replacement theology BS... Specifically referring to their belief that todays Jews are actually Kenites, descendants of Cain, who was the product of Satan impregnating Eve. Thus Jews are the literal seeds of satan, while we Americans and British are the actual Israelites/chosen ones... and this can be proven by complex scripture-twisting to the point of saying the parable of the fig tree was devinely inspired code for us in later times because figs are pollinated by - yup - WASPs! It is an insidious "religion" that is tempting to both the ignorant, and others those who are looking for a scapegoat for their own failures.)

Thanks MarMema. A different twist on the same story -- there are going to be as many impressions as viewers. You would think that a movie being released on Ash Wednesday would serve to embrace the non-believers and spiritually uplift the believers.

Instead, the movie has created hate and discontent before it was even released. As such, the movie has already failed to proclaim the message of the Gospels.

Instead of abstaining from wickedness and evil in this time of Lent, insults and hate word are flying. I am sure Jesus would be the last person to approve of this movie because of the effect it has already had.

I have been surprised by the lack of compassion for a people who have, historically, suffered and been hated a lot. I was interested in learning more about this, and found this website which really amazed me in my ignorance.

The posts from the Christians here who say things like "That's it, I am not going to support Israel anymore" are very telling about what kind of Christianity they subscribe to.

All the more reason to be thankful for the Orthodox church and her teachings about love.

The link you provided is very informative. I would have liked for them to include linked documentation. Quoting out of context for the sake of making a point or brevity too often misleads.

The article in your link claims that John's Gospel "contains many passages in which the authors condemn "the Jews" as sons of Satan and accuse them of murdering Jesus."

First, the word Satan is mentioned only once in the Gospel of John (13:27) and it is not in connection with any sons of Satan.

In fairness to John and other Gospel writers, the term "Jews" is used equally for the supporters and opponents of Jesus, and often to clarify (i.e. Jews and Samaritans or Jews and Romans), where a generic term "people" is too vague.

John does imply that Jesus' followers were banned from the synagogues, but that seems to be well disputed by some Jewish sources.

The link you provided also confirms, but doesn't qualify, that antisemitic policies of Christianity (official church) are vastly restricted to the Roman Catholic officials, and are clearly lacking in the Orthodox Church.

The pogroms mentioned in Ukraine also apply to that, since Ukraine was mostly under the Polish (Catholic) control. The reference to antisemitic pogroms after the Assassination of Alexander II do not represent Orthodox Church's official position. Most of Russian antisemitism stems from the Napoleonic wars, when (Polish) Jews in Russia opted to trade with the invading French armies while the Russian peasants killed all their live stock and burned their property (using Peter the Great's scorched earth policy) to deny the invaders any benefit of their blessings

The future pogroms were "justified" so as to deny the Jews in Russia the means to do business with Russia's enemies in the future, by having a portion of their live stock and farm products confiscated or destroyed.

Modern roots of Russian antisemitism are also not found in the Orthodox Church. Pro czarist groups and later emigres bought into the false "Protocols of the Fathers of Zion," apparently made up by the czarist secret police, as part of the "worldwide consipracy" of Jes and Masons "theory," something that was very popular in Europe at the time, and the fact that a disproportionate number of Jews, compared to their non-Jewish countrymen were involved in the leading positions of the Bolshevik movement (take for instance Trotsky).

Orthodox Christians know all too well about persecution.

And have been bearing the brunt of Islamic Jihad on the Christian world for the last 500 years. European Catholics/Protestants have had no worry from Muslims ever since they were repulsed from the Gates of Vienna. Within the last 125 years European Catholics have sold out the Armenian orthodox, the Greek Orthodox, the Balkan Orthodox to the Jihadist Muslim masters of genocide. By European Catholics I mean the Vatican and governments of European Catholic nations. Latest outrage being Euro-Catholic non support for Serb Orthodox in their battle against Albanian Muslims. And their aggression on Serbia via bring the USA into the war to bomb Serbs into submission.

Constantine was a pagan to his dying day when he is rumored to have been baptized. His embrace of Christianity was done in the typical Roman way. He had a vision of a cross that he believed helped him win a battle and he decided this was a good omen and stopped the persecution of Chirstians. To him, Jesus was just another "good luck charm." His wife was a heretic and influenced heresy to enter the court.

Constantine made himself the head of the Church. There is nothing the church could do. Besides, Paul taught submission to authority. All the subsequent church councils were called "ecumenical" -- meaning worldly, but in effect they mean "imperial." The bishop of Constantinopole (aka Imperial City), was the "imperial bishop," in its twisted form.

The very existence of an imperial head of the Church was proof positive that there is danger in placing the power of the church into the hands of one man. That's why all Church decisions had to be done by the Synod of bishops in which they ere all equal.

It is essential to differentiate between policies of secular heads of the church and church synodal policies, of which only the latter is the official policy of the church.

Instead, the movie has created hate and discontent before it was even released. As such, the movie has already failed to proclaim the message of the Gospels.

The movie is as incapable of "creating hate" as the Bible itself is. Hate is an emotion living in men's hearts. "Out of the overflow of the heart the mouth speaks." When a sponge is squeezed what is already locked in its pores is what comes out; will you blame the hand that squeezes it?

Jesus Christ said, "I did not come to bring peace, but a sword." He stirred up riots with his claims, he created havoc with his teachings, his disciples "turned the world upside down" by spreading his message.

Would you say Jesus should not have come to earth because of all the hate directed at him?

Would you claim that he failed to preach his own gospel because division and uproar sprang up in his wake?

Or could you perhaps admit that the hate in men's hearts was not created by but revealed at the coming of the Christ?

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