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In a nutshell, one such example is rendered as:
Did you see Bubba bite off Tubba's ear?
No, your Honor, I did not.
Well, then, how can you say that Bubba did indeed bite off Tubba's ear, if as you stipulate, you did not see him do it? Please explain?
Your Honor, I saw Bubba spit it out ...
[Often another example is used - the "dropped" item - say a piece of chalk ..., but you may get the point.] Oh, the point ... like mathematical induction, evidentiary proof is permitted via indirect means. I can "prove" someone is dead without having to produce the body - another example. Kinda' like using a thermocouple to determine the termperature of a blast furnace ... it is done indirectly.
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For, FDR ... and from many more that 19 texts ... nearly 200+ was my last count on the topic of Pearl Harbor ...
A. "This means war!" ... with Harry "The Hop" Hopkins present, and while Commander-in-Chief ... no ALERT is given.
B. Stark ... " ... everything I did was ordered." Stark had one superior. [You might see Gannon's text from a letter from Kimmel to Stark which was not ever sent.]
C. Marshall ... where was he the night of December 6/7, 1941 ... and why did he say his loyalty was to FDR suppassed that to the US Constitution?
D. Joseph Leib's 1984 article ... " ... What the media Won't Tell You ..." - or who knew and when.
A whole lot of spitting a'goin on ... Conan Doyle would be proud.
And let's do not neglect all those identified but still classified materials ... recall even that letter from Sappho to Kramer points to a cover-up ... and these were in situ intelligence officers ... It is a shame we cannot ask their opinion of Stinnett or Wilford ... so it goes
Do I expect a document signed by FDR with a notary seal ... nope - to direct.
So, again you were saying ...