Pop Quiz...
Just looking at it from 20,000 feet away, it looks to me like:
Horizontal Top - Simplex check valve.
Horizontal Bottom - (Attached to the galv. fitting) Possible pressure relief valve.
Verticle Right - Possible air relief / vacuum breaker
White Tank - Hydropnuematic tank for some purpose, possible surge protection or pulse dampening. The main tank may be fed by a reciprocating (piston) type pump or pressure boosting centrifugal pump.
What's the real story?