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English Common Law draws heavily on Roman Law

An in which points does either tradition diverge materially from:

"thou shalt not murder"
"thou shalt not steal"
"thou shalt not commit adultery"

...or perhaps only a modern existential materialist could possibly object to those eternal standards? Hmmm...?

No one objects to those standards. But some folks who worship a different religion might have a problem with the "thou shalt have no other God" part. And some might have a problem with the graven images part. And some might not want successive generations punished if a houseguest breaks the Jewish Sabbath. But, wtf, aren't all those things the very foundation of our legal system?

An in which points does either tradition diverge materially from: "thou shalt not murder" "thou shalt not steal" "thou shalt not commit adultery"

No one is disputing that those are the laws of civilized society, and have been since before Moses was in the reeds.

On the other hand,

I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.

is not a part of our laws. It was not a part of the Roman Laws. Likewise we have laws against stealing, as did the Romans, but no laws against coveting.

Do you think that because those are prohibited by the Ten Commandments they should become law in the U.S.? The Foundig Fathers didn't feel that need.