MEMORANDUM
TO: CHRISTA CALAMAS
FROM: HERBERT W. TITUS, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW
TROY A. TITUS, P.C.
2400 CAROLINA ROAD
CHESAPEAKE, VIRGINIA 23322
SUBJECT: TERRI SCHINDLER-SCHIAVO
DATE: OCTOBER 15, 2003
In response to a request, this memorandum is submitted addressing whether the governor of the State of Florida has the constitutional power to stop a Florida court order conferring upon the husband of Terri Schindler-Schiavo the sole discretionary power to disconnect his brain-disabled wife’s feeding tube. Not only does the governor have such power, but the governor has a constitutional duty to prevent any action taken pursuant to such a court order, because such action would violate Ms. Schindler-Shiavo’s constitutionally guaranteed “inalienable right to enjoy and defend life” regardless of her “physical disability” as secured by Article I, Section 2 of the Florida State Constitution.
According to Article I, Section 2, “[a]ll natural persons, female and male alike, are equal before the law, and have inalienable rights, among which are the right to enjoy and defend life ....” Additionally, Article I, Section 2 provides that “no person shall be deprived of any right [including the right to enjoy life] because of ... physical disability.” According to Article IV, Section 1, “the supreme executive power” of the state of Florida is vested in the “governor ... who shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.” Thus, the governor has the power, indeed the duty, to ensure that this constitutional guarantee of the “inalienable right ... to enjoy and defend life,” regardless of physical disability, is preserved.
In the exercise of this his “take care” powers, the governor is not bound by a court order, such as the one in the Schindler-Schiavo case, when that court order is inconsistent with the actual constitutional guarantee. As President Andrew Jackson once observed, judicial “precedent is a dangerous source of authority, and should not be regarded as deciding questions of constitutional power.” This observation is especially significant in determining the scope of the constitutional powers of the office of governor, a separate and independent branch from the judiciary. Again, as President Jackson put it, the chief executive officer of a government is bound by his oath of office to decide matters of constitutional right and power according to the executive’s interpretation of the constitution, not according to the judiciary’s interpretation. Therefore, if the governor believes that Ms. Schindler-Schiavo has the constitutional right to “enjoy life” regardless of her present disability, as he has stated in filings submitted to the courts, then the governor is duty bound to stop any action taken pursuant to that unconstitutional order that would result in the deprivation of Ms. Schindler-Shiavo’s constitutional right to life.
Such executive intervention into the judicial processes does not violate the separation of powers. To the contrary, as Alexander Hamilton stated in Federalist No. 78, the exercise of judicial power is subject to the check and balance of the executive branch which, alone, has the power to enforce a judicial order. Thus, if a court order is contrary to the law of the inalienable right to life — as the order in the Schindler-Schiavo case surely is — then according to Article IV, Section 1 of the Florida Constitution, the governor, vested with the “supreme executive power,” should intervene to stop any action taken puruant to that court order. After all, as the great English legal authority — Sir William Blackstone stated — a court opinion or order and the law are not the same thing, in that a court opinion or order may be contrary to law, and therefore, not law at all. I W. Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 71 (Univ. Chi. Facs. Ed: 1765). If the governor allows a court order granting discretion to one person to decide for another person whether the latter person lives or dies to go unchallenged, then he would fail to “take care” that the “law” of the equal right to life, as secured by Article I, Section 2 of the Florida Constitution even for the physically disabled,” is “faithfully executed.”
John B. Thompson, Attorney
1172 South Dixie Highway, Suite 111
Coral Gables, Florida 33146-2750
October 16, 2003
The Honorable Jeb Bush
Governor, State of Florida
C/o Governor's General Counsel,
The Capitol
Tallahassee, Florida Via Fax to 850-488-98
Re: Execution of Terri Schiavo is “Cruel and Unusual Punishment”
Dear Governor Bush:
I have been asked by the family of Terri Schiavo to do what I can to save her life in light of your request yesterday for assistance from legal counsel inside and outside your Administration toward that end.
Governor, you have the power, by the mere stroke of a pen, to prohibit what is, in every sense, the execution of Terri Schiavo by a means that is both cruel and unusual in violation of Article I, Section 17 of the Florida Constitution and the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Death by dehydration and starvation is arguably the most brutal, inhumane, and pain-inducing way to kill any living creature. The United States Department of Agriculture in its own regulations at 9CFR2.131 prohibits the withholding of food and water from farm animals. Terri Schiavo is not less than a farm animal.
If you, as Governor, were to order the execution of a serial killer on death row by means of withholding food and water, you would be ordered by any number of courts not to do so. The horror of dying by dehydration makes death by electric chair, by comparison, an act of compassion.
The fact that this woman is neither accused nor convicted of any crime makes absolutely no difference. In fact, the lack of criminality makes the execution even more cruel and unusual, for a criminal sanction is being imposed upon an innocent woman.
You have the power and the duty, under both the Florida and United States Constitutions, which you took an oath to uphold, to enter an Executive Order, today, to prohibit the imposition of any cruel and unusual punishment in this State. Upon entering such an Order, you then have the power, right, and duty to give force to that order by dispatching state law enforcement officials to take custody of Terri Schiavo and stop her forced starvation and dehydration.
Governor Bush, you do not need a court order to do any of this. No court at any level has the power to revoke the Florida and United States Constitutions. They cannot revoke your oath of office. You are an enthusiast of the James Madison Institute, and as such you know that the Executive branch of government is co-equal with the other two branches. No judge has the power to elevate the judicial branch over the executive branch thereby abrogating your state and federal constitutional duties and powers.
On behalf of the family of this innocent woman, and with all respect for the responsibilities of your office, we ask that you act immediately.
Respectfully,
Jack Thompson From http://www.terrisfight.org/memorandum2.htm