The tests themselves, generally give three scores. A verbal IQ, a Nonverbal IQ and a Full Scale or global measure. The verbal measure generally is highly correlated with academic success as well as income levels. Verbal IQs involve verbal reason, verbal comprehension, and other verbal processing skills. Nonverbal reasoning generally involves analyzing patterns and how they change and predicting based on the pattern. The tests themselves all involve using verbal and nonverbal skills as well as visual processing, auditory processing, memory, processing speed to solve problems. Despite what detractors say, they are some of the most validated scientific instruments around.
Generally, by age 12 the scores are highly stable and do not change. Exquisite verbal stimulation and processing withprecise language skills to very young infants by parents will maximize IQ. Ghetto moms who are 14 having kids and worried more about clubbing, getting their nails done and leaving their kids with whoever severely negatively impact their kids overall intelligence potential. You can maximize what nature gives them or damage their potential
AS you mentioned, factors that contribute to intelligence include their home environment and parenting, education and availability of learning resources, and healthcare and nutrition. But the existence of knowledge in applying response and application of the desired feedback is only communicable by learned process. The factors you mentioned are part of the learning, not an inborn capacity.
Using the alternate to positive learning like your ghetto moms’ actions is an example of learned helplessness. Learned helplessness occurs when an individual continuously faces a negative, uncontrollable situation and stops trying to change their circumstances, even when they have the ability to do so. And that, when done at an early age, causes a lack of the child gaining influence of learning and falling behind rapidly.
So besides the desire to improvement, which is done by learning the tools to use in the determination of intelligence capacity and the success it displays if only for the self esteem of the student, it creates a self destructive attitude that further hampers the ability to survival. And that is apparently being determined at colleges for their use in entrance. So the student being not capable to advance was determined a long time before that by both atmosphere and tool learning. The testee may be incredibly intelligent. But without the tools to use, it can impact their ability to use that intelligence.
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