I remember back, when athletes from East Germany regularly won a majority of women’s swimming, running, weightlifting, etc. Olympic events, the call went out for testing for performance enhancing drug usage. I don’t recall whether they also wanted testing for Y chromosomes. Today I believe that such tests should be mandatory. Real science is unbiased and unambiguous.
In some sports, genetic differences between races are almost as significant as sex differences. The result is that in some sports, certain races don't even bother to participate. Having athletes compete against themselves using handicaps could be one way to level the playing field. It would negate many of the advantages of gaming the rules, like a man pretending to be a woman.