Lots of slums in the countries of South America. I dont think any of the other countries call them favelas and this probably is because the language of Brazil is Portuguese
in Peru, they are called pueblos jóvenes (which translates as young towns
some of them are not young anymore but so the name harks back to when they were created) and in Chile they call the campamento (which I think means mushroom because of how fast they have sprung up). You mentioned Columbia
. in Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá the term that most commonly gets used is comunas or barrios de invasion
. which is translated as neighbourhoods of invasion.