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Look up the federal statute for ‘treason’. There you will find CLEARLY that the statute for the crime of treason is set apart from all others of a similar category by “persons owing allegiance”.

Owing allegiance is only on record by an oath of allegiance.

Naturalized US Citizens are required to take an Oath of Allegiance.

All other US Citizens are not required to take an oath unless they enter military or certain government service paths.

A US Citizen, born as a US Citizen, in other words not naturalized, is NOT REQUIRED BY LAW to take an oath of allegiance, not required to ‘owe’ allegiance UNLESS such person enters government service such as the military, the executive agencies, Congress, the courts. Such a person so entering is required to ‘owe allegiance’ and this can only be marked for the record by taking an oath of allegiance.

In this context, an ‘oath’ is a legal event.

US Citizens born as citizens, if they act out in a ‘treasonous’ manner, may be charged with ‘sedition’, ‘subversion’, ‘conspiracy’ but NOT treason unless they are on record as ‘owing allegiance’. Among these crimes, treason is the highest and can be punished by death.

We can say that we observe a person acting in a ‘treasonous manner’. But to charge them with the crime of treason requires more elements. There is a difference between ‘treasonous behavior’ and ‘treasonous crime’.

We might observe a US-born citizen who we think is nuts acting bizarrely, say jumping up and down saying they want to overthrow the Constitution and the United States in favor of World Communism. We can say that such person is acting in a treasonous manner. Unfortunately, there is no law that bars them from acting that way if there is no record of them owing allegiance.

If we assert that such as person ‘owes allegiance’, that person or their lawyer might respond by asking “where and when did I ever owe allegiance”?

If they took an oath of allegiance, we got them.