The guilty party is the leaker, who was legally bound to secure the information.
Subsequent propagators and consumers of the information are blameless.
You’re correct:
No law exists for those not having clearances. The uncleared have no way to discern if a document is classified - and markings are not enough. If a law was created, welcome to a worse tyranny than we already have here.
However, if leaked to the public, a document’s classification status doesn’t change.
“Once it’s leaked, it’s not classified information.”
This is not the case at all. The originating authority makes the determination when something is declassified. A leak changes nothing and individuals can lose their clearance for accessing such (illegal) “public” information.
That said, absent malice, the press is not liable for what they publish; however leakers should be unless they are have exhausted all legal recourse.
Then again, Seth Rich may have had a different idea...
ABSOLUTELY NOT TRUE.
See this from DoD 5200.01-M Vol III:
It is still classified until, after a review by the OCA, the OCA determines that there is no purpose in keeping it classified.