Have you looked at the two? .30-30 is a smaller cartridge designed to function in the late 19th Century lever guns like the 1894 Winchester and the Marlin. The "-30" in the name stood for the 30 grains of black powder equivalent it carried for propellant. It has a relatively "rainbow" trajectory with its blunt 170 grain bullet and 2227 FPS muzzle velocity. Great for close-in stuff, not so great past 200 yards.
The .30-'06 is a whole different animal! The "'06" part comes from the year it was adopted as our standard military caliber, 1906. With a 165 grain spitzer bullet, it has a muzzle velocity of 2800 FPS and it both accurate and lethal out 600 yards and further.
Two different cartridges, two different missions..
“both accurate and lethal out 600 yards and further.”
Yes, Sir. Very hard caliber to improve on. I’m not sure how much “further” bit it is quite a bit.
Sorry
Not meaning to argumentative but 30 grains of black powder ain’t much
You must mean smokeless powder
I use 80-100 grains in all my 30-50 caliber smoke poles