Yes, the F-104 and the Mig-21 orginated as “point defense fighters;” to climb quickly and take out incoming bombers that had gotten through the outer defensive layers. And just before, for the US, the Nike series of missiles that were placed around the major cities.
See these three websites:
http://alpha.fdu.edu/~bender/N-view.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Nike
http://www.ftmac.org/Lanike1.htm
I remember those NIKE sites as a kid. We had one just down the road from us in Arlington Heights.