Frederick Douglass was a Republican and even made a speech at Hillsdale College.
Blacks were republican until the 1936 election, they went from being a permanently typical 71% or so republican vote in 1932, to suddenly flipping into the permanent, overwhelming democrat vote in 1936.
The flip was instant, and it was a total reversal, no trackable changes, no gradual growth, no slow erosion, just an instant flip.