Justice Gray intentionally IGNORED the Debates on the 14th amendment. All he wanted was enough leeway to twist the words to his satisfaction. Looking at what was said during the debate would not allow him to rule they way he did.
Gray pretty much copied what the railroad attorney wrote.
Yes, Gray admitted it straight up in his 1898, WKA opinion.
Gray ignored the meaning and intent from the authors who wrote the 14th Amendment that it didn't mean a thing to him or to his flawed ruling.
What do we call that these days? Right, it is called 'judicial activism' and writing laws from the court bench. A BIG no no.