The solution
Sorry my bleeding heart friends but you need to ignore excuses, toughen sentences, make incarceration less pleasant, shorten court waiting lines, and ... drop 'self esteem' from your lexicon.
And where there IS punishment, it is all too often overwrought. Minor paperwork transgressions can lead to severe jail time, etc. Easier to administer quota punishments on the compliant than the combative (ex.: how much money & manpower is expended by TSA to achieve what ends, vs. ghettos & border zones with what amounts to “don’t go there ‘cuz the cops won’t” signs).