I received this “The American Commmunity Survey” last census season. I found all the questions quite intrusive, and disagreeable.. So I chose not to answer it. Well, BAM, I get call from census worker, who wants to talk to me. I say no thanks. BAM get knock on door, census worker wants to talk to me. So I open door, and we talk. I say I shall not participate, and you can take me to jail. Worker is very upset, and I can tell that the person is actually just trying to do a good job. I ask if this letter had come to the empty apartment next door what would happen? Answer: nothing! - so I suggest that perhaps no one lives here too, and therefore questions cannot be answered.
Rather than calling police, or filing criminal complaint, or whatever they can do, the census accepted my enlightened view of possible outcomes, and left me alone. I was glad, but I was willing to go to jail before answering questions on the form.
This is not by way of advise, just relating my experience.
Thanks to all of you for your replies; they were very helpful. God bless!