[capitan_refugio]

"... four other federal courts all around the nation took cases on and reached the same conclusions as Taney in between 1861 and the indemnity bill of 1863."

That's what tends to happen in the absense of authoritative jurisdiction. The 9th "Circus" Court of Appeals seems to get it wrong most of the time, disagreeing with other circuits on similar issues, untils the Supremes slap them around or Congress passes definative legislation.

[GOPcapitalist]

That's what tends to happen in the absense of authoritative jurisdiction. The 9th "Circus" Court of Appeals seems to get it wrong most of the time, disagreeing with other circuits on similar issues

...except for in the case of habeas corpus, virtually all of the federal courts agreed with each other AND with the previous Supreme Court ruling in Bollman. The problem was not one of an authoritative answer. It was one of an executive who wantonly disregarded and abused an entire branch of government.