“Since the late 19th century, Earth’s average temperature has increased by about 1.3°C… During the same period… there has been little or no detectable change in most types of extreme weather events.”
My confidence that the average temperature of the earth was being measured accurately by uniformly calibrated instruments in the 19th century = 0.
As someone with a 99th percentile understanding of Thermodynamics and thermometry, I am here to say your level of confidence is entirely appropriate. We didn’t have the ability to even determine a good average temperature for the entire Earth until the age of satellites.
Right, of course, but temperatures have varied widely in both historic and geologic time, and they will presumably continue to do so.
I always wondered where they stuck the thermometer to get that average temperature. ;~)