I think the American government would intercede on their behalf, and knowing this, a foreign government wouldn't even try it.
But this does not apply to one of theirs that did not naturalize in the US.
“knowing this, a foreign government wouldn’t even try it.”
But you didn’t ask if they would, you asked if they could, which is a different thing. Nations are sovereign, which means they can pretty much do whatever they want. Whether they choose to do certain things that would provoke a response from a more powerful nation is a different matter.
“But this does not apply to one of theirs that did not naturalize in the US.”
So what is the real point you are trying to get at? Do you think that the ability or inability to draft someone is evidence if they are “under the jurisdiction” of a nation?
I think the American government would intercede on their behalf, and knowing this, a foreign government wouldn't even try it.But this does not apply to one of theirs that did not naturalize in the US.
Wrong. If a foreign nation claims one as its citizen, they have every right to force their citizen into compulsory military service if he comes within their jurisdiction.
Some countries have mandatory military service. If an American claims citizenship in such a country and goes there to visit, he may wind up doing his required military service. An American dual national, when in the second country, is subject to the laws of that nation, including the draft or mandatory military service.
Foreign nationals resident in the United States are subject to our draft, when we have one.
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924079575241&view=1up&seq=381
OFFICIAL RECORDS: Series 3, vol 2, Part 1 (Union Letters, Orders, Reports)
Page 369 UNION AUTHORITIES.
MADISON, WIS., August 12, 1862.Honorable E. M. STANTON:
About one-half of the able-bodied men between eighteen and forty- five years in this State are foreign born. They have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States. Have the right to vote under our State constitution if twenty-one years old. Have enjoyed and are enjoying all the privileges of citizens. Are they liable to be drafted? They should be liable. Great injustice will be done to our State if they are exempt, and our quota would be too large if they are exempt. Cannot those who are not willing to subject themselves to draft be ordered to leave the country? Answer this immediately. I must have the time for volunteering extended, as asked for by my dispatches of Saturday and yesterday. Please answer them.
E. SALOMON,
Governor of Wisconsin.- - - - - - - - - -
WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington City, D. C., August 12, 1862.
Governor SALOMON,
Madison, Wis.:
Foreigners who have voted at our elections are regarded as having exercised a franchise that subjects them to military duty. Declaration of intention to become naturalized is not of itself sufficient to prevent their taking advantage of their alienage, but a man who votes must bear arms. Your telegram respecting extension of time for volunteering cannot be answered until to-morrow, some information from different States being required.
EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.