F-16 warplanes have no specific capability beyond the aircraft that made up Ukraine’s original air force ...
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Yep. They both have wings, tail rudders, and jet engines. Other than that, they are completely different.
In addition to the big 3, F-16s can:
launch HARMs against a specific target.
change JDAM targets while airborne.
get target coordinates via data-link.
carry and employ SDBs.
HARPOONs will force the RU subs to launch their cruise missiles from a much greater distance, further decreasing their accuracy.