but the Poles laid the groundwork and are rarely credited.
From "The Code Book: The Secret History of Codes and Codebreaking, by Simon Singh. 2002" "When in comes to the German ENIGMA code of WWII, and in contrast to some English-language books on this subject, Singh gives credit squarely where it is due. He traces the Polish successes with code-breaking, beginning with the cracking of Russian codes by the Biuro Szyfrow (the Bureau of Ciphers) during the 1920 Polish-Bolshevik War. (p. 144). In the years before WWII, a Polish team of mathematicians headed by Marian Rejewski recognizably solved the ENIGMA (p. 155). The Poles were ten years ahead of anyone else in this field (p. 160). The later successes of the British at Bletchley relied on Rejewski’s work (p. 170), and followed the lead of the Poles. (p. 243). Alan Turing followed Rejewski’s strategy. (p. 171)."
Rejewski was Jewish as was most of his team.
Wasn’t the Turing guy a homosexual?
We visited Bletchley Park a few years ago- quite interesting.
Building on the Poles’ work cut at least a year off Turing and Bletchley’s ability to break the Enigma code. And how many countries would have shared such a precious secret even with close allies as the Poles did with the French and British?