My oldest grandson was born with this defect.. In my grandson's case the point where the umbilical cord is attached to the fetus developed a tear or split. This allowed the intestines to extrude out and were indeed mostly outside of the body.
The solution was brilliant in it's relative 'simplicity' though complications could easily have occurred. He was kept sedated (a risk right there) and a funnel (or silo) was attached to hold the intestine in place, outside of the body. (Picture one of those white dog collar devices you see on occasion.
It took 2-3 days, but eventually gravity allows the intestines to sink back into their natural cavity. Unfortunately, he kicked and dislodged the intestines again and the process started over.
One possible problem is that the intestine can be twisted and thus blocked. This is one of the possible complications and would require surgery to repair.
The only way to know if they are not blocked is for the baby to have a normal bowel movement. Late one night the family got a text from my DIL, who was at the hospital.
HE POOPED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
We have never been so happy over a simple bowel movement. He is now 10 and is a happy and healthy youngster
Thank Goodness! Your story made me smile. God bless you and yours.