Measles comes to mind. In the days before negative pressure rooms I remember reading about a patient who arrived in Germany IIRC and quickly became ill with measles. He was medically arrested against his wishes and placed in a hospital room until he got well to avoid infecting the others. Quickly they had an outbreak in the hospital. In those days hospital air was not heavily filtered. As the outbreak occurred they began to realize there were patients that were on the other end of the hospital, floors away, who got measles. They realized the viral particles had bee aerosolized and transmitted widely through the building. IIRC he infected 28 new cases.