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I read a paper by a physicist who believes that two thermonuclear explosions were what was responsible for Mars losing most of its atmosphere.

In Worlds in Collision (1950) Immanuel Velikovsky presents a theory of interest as well, regarding a near miss with another celestial body.

J. E. Brandenburg, of Morningstar Applied Physics LLC, is the scientist who a few years ago started claiming that there is clear evidence of two anomalous nuclear explosions on Mars. He may as well be claiming that the Annunaki from Nibiru are responsible. Mars' atmospheric pressure at the surface is about what the atmosphereic pressure is at 40 miles altitude around the Earth, IOW, there's no life on Mars, and a couple of nukes wouldn't be enough to get rid of some supposed atmosphere for which there is no evidence anyway.

Red Planet's Ancient Equator Located -- Jafar Arkani-Hamed of McGill University discovered that five impact basins--dubbed Argyre, Hellas, Isidis, Thaumasia and Utopia--form an arclike pattern on the Martian surface. Three of the basins are well-preserved and remain visible today. The locations of the other two, in contrast, were inferred from measurements of anomalies in the planet's gravitational field... a single source--most likely an asteroid that was initially circling the sun in the same plane as Mars--created all five craters. At one point the asteroid passed close to the Red Planet... and was broken apart by the force of the planet's gravity. The resulting five pieces subsequently slammed into Mars along its then equator. The center of the circle inscribed by the five craters, which marks the planet's ancient south pole, lies at present day latitude -30 and longitude 175.