When they weren’t killed. Nazis killed Jews. The question is why. Because of Luther’s writings? Or because as nominal Catholics whose church practiced anti-semitism up to WWII they learned it there? Or because the were Nazis, eugenicists/Darwinists scapegoating the ‘lesser races who conspired against Germany’. History and Christianity makes me say it was because they were Nazis, that’s what Nazis did. Since the Lutheran church didn’t subscribe to Luther’s thoughts on these matters, blaming them seems stupid. If one is to blame a church, (I don’t) it seems that a church which practiced this type of behavior for over a millenia might have to shoulder that blame. Especially considering the relatively recent exercises of anti-semitism and the company that Church has kept over the recent decades.
National Socialist ideology had almost nothing to do with Christian doctrine or either of the major churches in Germany. Hitler learned racism while he was a tramp living in Vienna. He so much as said he had never seen or known Jews prior to moving to Vienna. When he saw them, he said he noticed they were different. He then made the next logical step, wondering if they were Germans.
In fact, Hitler’s obsession with being German dates to his childhood. It was popular among Austrians living in border communities (Hitler’s father was an Austrian customs agent) to identify with their German heritage over anything else. It makes a bit of sense in light of what was happening in Austria at the time. The Hapsburgs allowed the Hungarians to share power with Austrian-Germans in what was known as the duel monarchy. Austrian-Germans lost a good deal of their power in the mid to late 19th century. In reaction, many of them gravitated toward extreme expressions of their Germaness.
The National Socialists as a whole followed Hitler. They were influenced by American eugenics as well. Their view of race and soil is intertwined with German occult religions, were also quite popular in Germany during the 20’s and 30’s.
Hitler didn’t get his anti-semitism from Luther. He wasn’t even a Lutheran. Instead, he and his party used Luther’s arguments to tie their own arguments with Germans of the past. It had nothing to do with Luther whatsoever but rather it had everything to do with the National Socialists obtaining and keeping power.