Ok well I wasn't including relativity in this, but yes if you are measuring objects moving relativistically then you will of course have the strange increases in mass, etc My intent in the explanation was to show that Newton's laws hold INSIDE, lets say, an airplane which is accelerating (not relativistically). The motion of objects in this frame abides by Newton's laws, but with additional fictitious forces.
The steady state example actually illustrates Einsteins idea in SR that the laws of physics are the same in all non-accelerating reference frames. It so happens that Newtonian mechanics is usually sufficient in these reference frames. What you really mean to say is at non relativistic speeds and/or large Gravity fields. You do know that you are being accelerated right now, don't you?
I think we are looking at this from two different angles. The postulate of special relativity says that there is no experiment you can perform to indicate that you are moving if you are inside a constant velocity reference frame.
The earth is rotationally accelerating, which I mentioned earlier (centripitally accelerating as well). Newton's laws still apply on earth, you just have to include the fictitious forces and apply Newton's laws.
Even at non relativistic speeds, accelerating bodies increase in mass, but I agree with you, the difference is negligible.
I think we are looking at this from two different angles. The postulate of special relativity says that there is no experiment you can perform to indicate that you are moving if you are inside a constant velocity reference frame.
Your use of the 'constant velocity' term seems wrong to me. I believe his example was an elevator in free fall that was accelerating because of the Gravitational field, an accelerating body is not in a 'constant velocity' situation. In particular Einstein stated that you couldn't tell the difference from the inside of a box sitting on the earth or a box in space accelerating at 32 feet per second squared.
Essentially what Einstein was saying was that you are accelerating at 32 feet per second squared as you are reading this post.