Introns are a very big problem for evolution for a couple of reasons:
1. a whole system is required to splice the DNA properly when there are introns present so that the correct protein be produced. Therefore the jump from prokaryotes without them and eukaryotes with them requires the development of a complete system individualized for the expression of each gene that has an intron. An impossible task by random chance.
2. the system for splicing needs to know exactly what to keep and what to leave out. Even in similar species the introns are different in length and in number. This makes again for the impossibility of such changes having occurred by mere chance.
The problem with prokaryotic interpretation came to light when the gene for insulin was inserted into E. Coli's DNA.
Insulin is actually 2 chains of Amino Acids, bridged by peptide bonds (if I recall correctly). BUT - E. Coli's primitive DNA couldn't make sense out of that because of the introns. So what they had to do was splice the operon into a 2-part deal. One strain would manufacture one chain, and the other would manufacture the other - both as "waste" products.
After harvesting both components, they were then chemically joined, independent of genetic direction. Thus, you hsve human insulin.
The use of restriction enzymes is pretty specific, and you can "cut out" the introns, which is how recombinant DNA technology works. E. coli, as a prokaryote, can be engineered to produce HgH, Factor VIII, and other human gene products.
But the question remains - How does that information refute evolution?
Have you ever indulged the theory about mitochondria?
Mitochondria has its own DNA, can replicate independently of the eukaryotic cell, is absent from prokaryotic cells.
Yet, it's DNA is circular, remarkably similar to prokaryotic DNA.
The theory goes - is it possible that prokaryotic cells evolved to have a symbiotic relationship to eukaryotic cells?
It certainly is plausible...