I have never heard of these before you mentioned them and internet research only turns up the Turtle Ships, which I knew about already. As your original recollection was admittedly sparse I assumed wrongly that you'd simply mis-remembered the Turtle Ships.
Having searched again I still cannot find any reference to giant Korean floating forts in the first millenium. I also cannot imagine any conceivable military value for such structures in the pre-gunpowder era. They'd be easy to attack, ultra-vulnerable to fireships, hard to defend, and confer no tactical or strategic advantages on the defender. Perhaps they are apocryphal.
Something I've seen at a museum years gone by. The internet does not seem to know anything about it, I've checked also.